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Increased Data Transmission Capacity The Ka-band, operating between 26.5 GHz and 40 GHz, supports data rates of over 100 Mbps, allowing a single satellite to handle upwards of 1 Tbps of total capacity. This is a sharp contrast to C-band satellites (4–8 GHz), which typically provide a maximum throughput of 300–500 Mbps. Ka-band satellites can

Yagi antennas are directional, offering higher gain (up to 12 dB) and long-range communication, typically up to 50 kilometers at 2.4 GHz. In contrast, Omni antennas provide 360-degree coverage with lower gain (3-5 dB), ideal for short-range applications like Wi-Fi, covering up to 100 meters in open environments. Yagi antennas require precise alignment, while Omni

A coupler antenna splits or combines signals, matches impedance, filters frequencies, and measures signal power. For example, in a 1,000-watt system, it diverts 10 watts for monitoring, ensuring 95% efficiency. Costs range from $500 to $2,000. Signal Splitting Signal splitting using coupler antennas is a fundamental technology in modern communication systems, enabling multiple devices to

C-Band, ranging from 3.7 GHz to 4.2 GHz, has a bandwidth of 500 MHz, offering reliable satellite communication and broadcasting. It supports data rates of up to 100 Mbps per transponder and provides coverage over large areas. Frequency Range C-band spans the 4.0 GHz to 8.0 GHz frequency range, with the ITU defining those for

Satellite antennas focus signals using parabolic dishes, amplifying them with gains up to 55 dB for high frequencies like Ka-band (26.5-40 GHz). Proper alignment within 0.1 degrees ensures minimal loss, while advanced systems dynamically track satellites, enabling stable data rates up to 50 Mbps for internet and 4K broadcasting. Signal Transmission and Reception These satellite

To test a directional coupler, apply a 0 dBm signal and measure key parameters. For instance, verify coupling factor (-20 dBm for 20 dB coupling), insertion loss (-1 dBm for 1 dB loss), and directivity (30 dB if isolated port reads -50 dBm). Ensure all unused ports are 50-ohm terminated. Verify Coupler Specifications Testing the